The Twin Swords

America’s cities were cut down with roads paved of dubious intentions. Now, with a chance to correct one of our most destructive legacies, will we rise to meet the challenge?

Coby Lefkowitz
9 min readFeb 15, 2021
Before and After Highways & Urban Renewal in Pittsburgh. Source: Brent Bellamy

3,000 men marched in a melange of military & civilian uniforms along the Hudson River in Lower Manhattan. Led by the calvary of New York City’s Police Force, these men weren’t going into battle, at least not in the traditional sense. After a raft of self-congratulatory speeches and requisite ribbon cuttings, the troops ascended the West Side Highway. Begun in 1929, with its first section completed in 1930, the West Side opened on November 13th as the first elevated expressway in the world.

Celebrations were in order for this global first. The roadway marked a triumph over a stretch of Eleventh Avenue, which had been known as Death Avenue for the chaos of its surface level trains, horses, pedestrians and other vehicles that all too often collided into one another. Cool as they were, New York’s Cowboys were only a temporary solution to Death Avenue’s danger, a vestige of the past that would soon make way for the modern world.

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Coby Lefkowitz

Urbanist, Developer, Writer, & Optimist working to create more beautiful, sustainable, healthy, equitable and people-oriented places.